Heat olive oil or butter in a large deep skillet or Dutch oven over medium heat. Add chopped onion (if using) and minced garlic; sauté for 2–3 minutes until the onion is soft and the garlic is fragrant.
Stir in the cooked chicken along with the chopped chipotle peppers and the tablespoon of adobo sauce, coating the chicken well.
Pour in the chicken broth and heavy cream, stirring to combine and scraping up any browned bits from the bottom of the pan.
Bring to a gentle simmer, then add the uncooked pasta. Cover and cook for 10–12 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the pasta is tender and most of the liquid is absorbed.
Reduce heat to low and stir in the shredded cheddar cheese, a handful at a time, until fully melted and creamy.
Taste and season with salt, pepper, and extra adobo sauce if desired.
Let the pot sit off the heat for 2–3 minutes to thicken slightly before serving.
Notes
Refrigerate leftovers up to 4 days in an airtight container, or freeze for up to 2 months. Reheat gently with a splash of broth or milk to loosen the sauce. Swap the chicken for ground turkey, use pepper jack instead of cheddar, or reduce the chipotle for a milder version.
Keyword chipotle chicken pasta, dinner recipe, one pot chicken pasta